《英语国家概况》考核目标

一、英国部分

1.Land and People

Different names for Britain and its parts

2.Origins of the Nation

Arrival and settlement of the Celts

Basis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons

The Viking and Danish invasions

King Alfred and his contributions

The Norman Conquest and its consequences

3.Shaping of the Nation

England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror

Contents and the significance of the Great Charter

Origins of the English Parliament

The Hundred Years' War with France and its consequences

Consequences of the Black Death

4. Transition to the Modern Age

The nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses

Henry VIII and the English Reformation

Elizabeth I and Parliament

Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policy

Distinctive features of the English Renaissance

The Civil Wars and their consequences

The Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell

The Restoration and Glorious Revolution

5. Rise and Fall of the British Empire

Whigs and Tories

Agricultural changes in the late 18th century

The English Industrial Revolution and its impact on the development of Britain

The Chartist Movement and its consequences

The building of the British Empire

Britain and the First World War

Britain and the Second World War

Postwar Britain

Thatcherism

6. Government and Administration

The British Constitution

Constitutional Monarchy in Britain

The British Parliament and its functions

The British government

7.Social Affairs

Religion in British society

Festivals and public holidays in Britain

8.Cultural Affairs

The education system in Britain

The college system and the tutorial system

Quality papers and popular papers

The BBC and its programs

Sports in Britain

Major forms of art in Britain

二、美国部分

1. Population， Race and Ethnic Groups

Characteristics of the American population

Black people and the Civil Rights Movement

2.American History （1600-1900）

The 'discovery' of the New World

Causes of the colonization of the New World

The original 13 colonies

The American War of Independence and its consequences

Establishment of a federal form of government

Consequences of territorial expansion and the Westward Movement

The American Civil War and its impact on the development of the U.S

Rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War

3. American History （1900-1945）

Economies growth in the early 20th century

Progressivism and some of the reform efforts

Role of the U.S. in WWI

Characteristics of the 1920s

Effects of the Great Depression on American society

Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal

America in WWII

4. America in Postwar Era （1945-1980）

Origins of the Cold War

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

Effects of McCarthyism of on American society

The postwar boom in the U.S

U.S. China relations （1949-1972）

The New Right and their Program

5. The U.S. Economy

Factors that contribute to the fast growth of the economy

Characteristics of the U.S. economy

The importance of foreign trade

Problems facing the U.S. economy

6. Political Institutions

A workable form of government under the Constitution

Separation of powers with checks and balances under the Constitution

Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution

Powers of the American President

Powers of the House of Representatives

Powers of the Senate

The judicial system

The two-party system and the characteristics of the two major parties

7. Education

Characteristics of American education

Elementary and secondary education in the U.S.

Different types of colleges and universities

The admission system in U.S. universities

The role of the community college

Continuing education

Education reform in the 1980s and early 1990s

8.Literature

Major American writers and their works

Harlem Renaissance and black writing in American literature

9.Holidays and Festivals

New Year's Day celebration in the U.S.

Practices of Valentine's Day

Easter in the U.S.

Independence Day

Halloween

Thanksgiving Day

Christmas

三、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和爱尔兰部分

1. Canada

Canada's geography and history

Canada's geographical features

Geographical regions and their characteristics

The European discovery of Canada

The rivalry between the British and the French

Self-government and the founding of the Confederation

2. Australia

Australia's geographical features

Australia's geographical structure

Factors that affect Australia's climate

Composition of Australia's population

Australia's built environment

Political divisions in Australia

3. New Zealand

New Zealand's geography

Characteristics of New Zealand's climate

Native plants and animals

Historical background of New Zealand

The Treaty of Waitangi 1840

Characteristics of Maori culture（Maoritanga）

4. Ireland

Ireland's geographical features

Climate in Ireland

Ethnic composition of Ireland

Languages in Ireland

Irish Catholicism

Conflict between the English and the Irish

The issue of Northern Ireland

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