自考“英语(一)”笔记(12)
11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一样,都是形容词的最高级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,所以,最高级的构成是在词尾加-est.对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词,最高级的构成是在形容词前面加most.请看例句:
1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.
(他想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)
2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(这是我所见过的最强壮的马。)
3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最细心的雇工。)
4) 黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。
(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)
5) 这条高速公路是中国最长的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )
6) 这本书是三本书中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)
rise 是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如:
1) The sun rises in the east.(太阳在东方升起。)
2) Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising. (给孩子服药,他的体温在升高。)
3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高耸入云。)
请注意区别以下动词:
1) rise 不及物动词 (起立;上升,高耸;浮现)
The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.
The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.
An idea rises in my mind.
2) raise 及物动词 (举起;养育;提高;召集)
If you have any questions, please raise your hands.
When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.
The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.
He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.
3) arise 不及物动词 (升起;出现;由…引起)
Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.
New problems arise when old ones are solved.
His illness arose from malnutrition.
4) arouse 及物动词 (唤醒;激起,引起)
The noise outside aroused him from sleep.
The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.
floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中,floor当然有其他的意思。如;
1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7楼。)
2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter. (冬天时,木地板给我温暖的感觉。)
3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在会上得到了发言权。)
4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。)
12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island
top 在句中做名词用,意思是“顶部,山顶”。例如:
1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一个爬上山顶。)
2) When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.(我们站在山顶时,整个城市尽收眼底)
请翻译下面的句子,注意top的词类和意思:
1) He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放声高叫。)-n.
2) He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n.
3) He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子学生。)-adj.
4) This is the top news of the week.(这是本周的头条新闻。)-adj.
5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父亲是高级外交顾问。)-adj.
6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(妈妈准备在蛋糕上浇奶油。)-v.
7) He tops his father by half a head.(他比父亲高出半个头。)-v.
8) She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣。)-n.
与top有关的词组:
come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人头地) from top to bottom(从上到下,彻底地) from top to toe(从头到脚;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心满意足)
13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.
called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句,在其前省去了which is.
请看下面的例句:
1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.
(机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。)
2) There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有许多是那小男孩能做。)
3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想与其讨论这个问题的人。)
14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.
days常常指“时期,时代”,有时也表示“一生;生命”。请看例句:
1) In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.
(在他的童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。)
2) In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.
(在维多利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。)
3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了许多苦。)
crew是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,此句中谓语动词用的是复数were,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels(船)上的船员。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.
15. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.
furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“为…提供”,我们同样可以用furnish sb. with sth.来表达这个意思。例如:
They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.(他们为难民供应毯子和食物。)
No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.(谁也没有料到他会把消息提供给对手。)
Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.
(幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。)
16. One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.
the Grand Banks在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句:
1) This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist. (这个理论是由著名科学家爱因斯坦提出的。)
2) This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.(这是我们系主任本杰明先生。)
3) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.
(中国最大的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔3,198米。)
本课主要词组及句型
词组:
1. separate from 2. keep sb. from doing sth.
3. be unwilling to do sth. 4. between A and B
5. make sth unusual 6. so…that
7. dry up 8. on the average
9. rise from 10. furnish sth for sb.
11. pile up 12. from…to
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