自考“英语(一)”笔记(11)
3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.
make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意为“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如:His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。)
主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。请翻译下面的句子:
1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed. (他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼火。)
2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)
3)他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)
4)老师对他作文的评价令他失望。 (The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)
5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.
(他的所为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。)
6)他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。
(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)
4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。请看下面的例句:My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。)
2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up. (太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。)
3) 问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。 (The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)
4) 看起来天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)
请注意辨析another 和other:
another由 an+other构成,只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another+单数名词表示不定的“另一个”,the other+单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。
请看下面的例句:
1) This idea is not very practical, will you think of another one? (这个主意不太实际,你能另想一个吗?)
2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。)
3) Of the three books in my bag, two are published in China, the other is published in the United States.
(我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。)
4) Tom is here, but where are the other boys?(汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?)
5) I like this coat better than the other one.(两件上衣中,我更喜欢这一件。)
6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(这架照相机比另一架贵。)
boiling hot意思是“滚热的,酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词,表示热的程度,修饰hot.
5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.
此句中,that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如:
1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours. (我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。)
2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer. (他担心他不能给你一个明确的答复。)
3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我担心自己犯了一个错误。)
4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties. (我们相信自己能克服所有的困难。)
对“be + 形容词 + that引起的从句”这类结构,语法家们有的认为that从句做宾语用,有的认为that从句做状语用。根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。如:I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 这个句子中的that从句起状语作用,相当于“…because you failed the exam again.”
6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…
在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如:
1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。)
2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)
3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.
(我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) 我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)
2) 这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)
3) 这个房间是那个房间的两倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.)
7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.
suppose 常常做动词用,意思是“假定;猜想;认为”。例如:
1) Let's suppose it to be true.(让我们假定这是真的。)
2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很紧张。)
3) I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies. (我以为他很诚实,他却经常说谎。)
在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一个连词,意思是“假设(= if);假使…结果会怎么样”。例如:
1) Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?(假如他病了,我们怎么办?)
2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage? (如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?)
3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么问题会怎么样?)
8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一个句型。例如:
1) 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)
2) 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那个男孩花了3小时才写完作业。)
2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(从南京乘火车到上海只要不到4小时。)
3) 他花了4天时间才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.)
4) 照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.
9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper.
on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如:
1) On the average, they drove 70 miles an hour.(他们平均每小时行驶70英里。)
2) On the average, they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他们平均每天花20块钱吃饭。)
a little 在句子中修饰more,表示程度,意思是“一点儿,稍许”。much在句子中修饰deeper,也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”。例如:
1) I feel a little cold.(我觉得有点冷。)
2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20块多一点儿。)
3) I feel much better now.(我现在感觉好多了。)
4) She is much more careful this time.(她这一次细心多了。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) 干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.)
2) 她对她的同学有点不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.)
3) 听了那个消息他开心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.)
10. This “deep” measures 30,246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。
本句中的deep做名词用,意思是“深处”,“海渊”(水深超过3000英里)。
measure 在句子中做动词用,意思是“测量”,“有…深”。例如:
1) This room measures 10 metres across.(这个房间宽10米。)
2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(这座桥长17公里。)
3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(这只水箱只有2米深。)
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