江苏自学考试语言学概论教材大纲
南京师范大学编 (高纲号 0095)
语言学概论是英语专业本科段的一门理论课程。该课程通过对英语语言的语音、音位、词法和句法各系统的分析,介绍普通语言学的基本理论模式、概念和研究方法。应试者通过本课程的自学,应能清楚地解释语言中的重要概念、初步地懂得语言的研究方法,并能运用所学的理论知识,分析有关的英语语言现象。
一、 考试内容
Chapter One Introduction
1. Differences between general linguistics and descriptive linguistics.
2. The nature of language(s)
System/symbolic/vocal/arbitrary/creative/changeable/double-structured
3. Scientific method in linguistics
Common biases/the process of rule-construction
4. The goal of linguistics
Model/competence/explicitness/generativeness
5. The sub-brancuistics
Phonetics/phonology/morphology/syntax/semantics
6. Saussure: the father of linguistics
three major distinctions: synchronic/diachronic; paradigmatic/cyntagmatic; langue/parole
Chapter Two Phonetics
1. The sub-branches of phouetics aritculatory/acoustic/auditory
2. The names of speech organs: Figure 1,p.17
3. International Phonetic Alphabet
Relationship between spelling and sound in English/advantages of IPA
4. Classification of the English consonants
(1)the position of the soft palate:nasal/oral;
(2)the presence or the absence of vocal-cord vibration; voiceless/voiced;
(3)thep lace of articulation:bilabials/labiodentals/dentals/alveolars/post-alveolars/alveopalatals/palatals/velars/glottals;
(4)the manner of articulation;
stops/fricatives/affricates/liquids/glides
5.Classification fo the English vowels
(1)the state of the velum:oral/nasal;
(2)the position of the tongue:high-mid-low/front/central/back
(3)lip rounding:rounded/unrounded
(6)diphthongs/triphthongs
(7)Phonetic features
consonantal/vocalic/continuant/voiced/aspirated/nasal/anterior/coronal
Chapter Three Phonology
1.Importaet concepts
phoneme/phone/allophone:minimal pair/minimal set
2.Identifying phonemes
(1)environment/distribution/contrastive distribution/complementary distribution/free variation
(2)principles;contrastive distribution-separate phonemes; free variation——phonetic variants; complementary distribution+phonetically similar——phonetic variants.
(3)procedures; Figure 13,p.36
3.Sequential constraints
4.Distinctive features
5.Suprasegemental features;
stress/tone and intonation/juncture
Chapter Four Morphology
1.morpheme/morph/allomorph
2.Classifications of morphemes;
(1)root/affiz;free/bound;lexical/functional
(2)prefixes/suffixes/infixes
(3)inflectional/derivational
3.Identifying morphemes
(1)cutting sound sequences into morphs; comparison;
(2)grouping morphs into morphemes; semanti-cally indentical+complementary distribution——separate morphemes
(3)empty morph/zero morph
4.Morphemic analysis
(1)Immediate Constituent Analysis(JC analysis);
ultimate constituents/immediate constituents/constituents;
(2)principles of IC analysis;
meaningful relationship/morphological rules
5.Word-formation processes
(1)main processes; affixation/conversion/compounding;
(2)minor processes; blending/clipping/acronymy/back-formation
Chapter Five Syntax(Ⅰ)
1.Three types of syntactic relations;
sequential(syntagmatic)/substitutional (paradigmatic)/hierarchical
2.Identifying syntactic categories;
morphological and distributional features
3.Labeled IC analysis;
phrase marker/node; labeled brackets; complete/partial phrase marker
Chapter Six Syntax(Ⅱ)
1.Phrase structure rules(PS rules)/transformational rules (T-rules);
deep structure/surface structure
2.The PS rules for the sentences, noun phrases, verb phrases and auxiliary phrases
Chapter Seven Syntax(Ⅲ)
1.Three kinds of operations performed by T-rules;optional/compulsory transformations.
2.The structure of a T-rule; The structural description (SD)/the structural change(SC)
3.T-rules; T-affix/T-Passive/T-Agent-deletion/T-Negation/T-Do-insertion/T-Yes/No question/
T-Reflexivization/T-Imperative
4.Ordering of transformations
二、考试形式
本课程只进行笔试,试卷以英语命题,以英语答卷。试卷由两大部分组成;理论部分和应用部分可能有采用的形式如下:
1.Theory-oriented questions
1.Fill in the blanks
e.g.English phonetics has three sub-branches_______,_______,_______.
2.Multiple-choice questions
e.g.Morpheme is defined as
(a)a meaningful unit
(b)a minimal unit
(c)a minimal meaningful grammatical unit
(d)a minimal meaningful unit
3.go If two or more sounds can occur in the
same environment,they are said to Le in comple-mentary distribution. True False
4.Essay-type questions
e.g.How doesl angue differ from parole according to Saussure‘s view?
11.Practical work
这一部分试题所采取的形式均在每章后面的练习中出现过,如:
Chapter Two: 6,9,10,12
Chapter Three:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13,14,15
Chapter Four:6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
Chapter Five:1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9
Chapter Six:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Chapter Seven.1,2,3,4,5,6,7
三、教材
An Introduction to English Linguistics 南京师范大学外文系文秋芳编写
January 5,1990
江苏省教育考试院
【江苏自学考试语言学概论教材大纲】相关文章:
热点推荐:
教材大纲
- 2020-11-17【教材大纲】2005年高自考全国统考课一月七月时间安排
- 2016-09-01【教材大纲】2017年4月浙江自学考试用书目录
- 2016-09-01【教材大纲】2017年湖北调整更新部分自考课程考试大纲和教材的通知
- 2016-09-01【教材大纲】2016年10月上海市高等教育自学考试华东区协作统考课程教材考纲书目表
- 2016-09-01【教材大纲】2016年10月上海市高等教育自学考试全国统考课程教材书目表
- 2016-06-29【教材大纲】2016年10月福建自考面向社会开考专业理论课程考试使用教材目录
- 2016-06-29【教材大纲】2016年10月四川省自学考试使用教材
- 2016-06-29【教材大纲】2016年10月云南自学考试开考课程使用教材目录
其他最新资讯
- 2023-12-29【自考政策】广西自考网络助学平台新增61门课程
- 2020-12-04【免考问题】哪些证书可以免考自考相关课程?
- 2020-12-04【免考问题】自考免考有哪些条件?
- 2020-12-04【综合问题】自考本科文凭有用吗?
- 2020-12-04【综合问题】自考本科需要考多少门课?
- 2020-11-17【综合问题】江苏省高等教育自学考试网上报名常见问题及解答
- 2020-11-17【经济学】2012年自考“中国税制”笔记串讲(8)
- 2020-11-17【自考政策】全国自考办领导:未来自考将大力发展网络助学
网友关注
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:1975年宪法
- 【法学】2014年自考行政法学考点:行政法律关系的产生
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:革命根据地的宪法性文件
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:宪法与精神文明建设
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:中国资产阶级的立宪活动
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:宪法与物质文明建设
- 【法学】2014年自考宪法学考点:人民民主专政与无产阶级专政的关系
- 【法学】2014年自考行政法学考点:行政法律关系的分类
网友关注视频
- 三年级英语单词记忆下册(沪教版)第一二单元复习
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册1
- 第12章 圆锥曲线_12.7 抛物线的标准方程_第一课时(特等奖)(沪教版高二下册)_T274713
- 《空中课堂》二年级下册 数学第一单元第1课时
- 北师大版数学 四年级下册 第三单元 第二节 小数点搬家
- 沪教版八年级下册数学练习册21.4(1)无理方程P18
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《有余数除法的整理与复习》
- 二年级下册数学第二课